Prostatic Neoplasms: Saito H

Hamashima C, Nakayama T, Sagawa M, Saito H, Sobue T. · Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. · Jpn J Clin Oncol. · Pubmed #19346535 No free full text.

Abstract: In 2005, there were 9264 deaths from prostate cancer, accounting for 4.7% of the total number of cancer deaths in Japan. As the population continues to age, interest in prostate cancer screening has increased, and opportunistic screening for prostate cancer has been conducted worldwide. The guideline for prostate cancer screening was developed based on the established method. The efficacies of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) were evaluated. Based on the balance of the benefits and harms, recommendations for population-based and opportunistic screening were formulated. Two methods of prostate cancer screening were evaluated. Based on the analytic framework involving key questions, 1186 articles published from January 1985 to October 2006 were selected using MEDLINE and other methods. After the systematic literature review, 28 articles were identified as providing evidence of mortality reduction from prostate cancer, including 5 observational studies for DRE screening, 1 meta-analysis, 3 randomized controlled trials and 19 observational studies for PSA screening. Although several studies showed that PSA screening had a beneficial effect, the results of the selected studies were inconsistent. Overall, the evidence that screening reduced mortality from prostate cancer was insufficient. Furthermore, prostate cancer screening is associated with serious harms, including overdiagnosis, adverse effects of needle biopsy and adverse effects of local prostatectomy. At present, the evidence for the effect of prostate cancer screening is insufficient. Both PSA and DRE were not recommended for population-based screening programs, but they could be conducted as individual-based screening if basic requirements were met.

Yamana K, Saito H, Takenouchi K, Azuma Y, Ishizuka S. · Teijin Institute for Bi-Medical Research. · Clin Calcium. · Pubmed #16816475 No free full text.

Abstract: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone which regulates calcium and bone homeostasis through intestine, bone, kidney and parathyroid. It has been reported that vitamin D inhibits the cancer incidence and tumor growth. In this review, we summarize the epidemiological, animal and clinical research of vitamin D on breast, colon and prostate cancer.

Ishidoya S, Ogata Y, Inaba Y, Ota S, Saito H, Yamashita Y, Ohnuma T. · Department of Urology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital. · Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. · Pubmed #10386058 No free full text.

Abstract: OBJECT: The objectives of this study are to examine how many cancer patients we can detect among the outpatients whose PSA values are above 4.0 ng/ml, and to compare the usefulness of transperineal six sextant biopsy (ss-biopsy) with that of transrectal one. METHODS: All the male outpatients (above 50 years old) were inspected Tandem-R PSA levels and digital rectal examination (DRE). Among them, 129 patients showed more than 4.0 ng/ml of PSA values and/or positive finding of DRE, and underwent subsequent transperineal ss-biopsy. RESULTS: Cancers were detected in 52 patients (40.3%) without major complications. Among 64 gray zone (PSA 4.1-10.0 ng/ml) patients, 17 (26.6%) were found to be cancer by ss-biopsy, meanwhile only 2 cancer patients (8.9%) were detected from 23 gray zone ones by traditional directed biopsy. Application of PSA density could not be found practicable to eliminate unnecessary biopsies in the gray zone group. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer could be found nearly a fourth in the gray zone group of the outpatients. To enhance the detection rate, obtaining at least 6 core samples are recommended from either perineal or rectal root.

Saito S, Hoshi S, Sakai K, Chiba Y, Saito H, Hatori M, Endoh M, Arai Y. · Department of Urology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. · Int J Clin Oncol. · Pubmed #15616885 No free full text.

Abstract: Spinal cord compression is a skeletal-related event in advanced malignancies and is associated with serious morbidity and poor prognosis. Despite the palliative nature of laminectomy treatment, it is important to prevent neurological deficits and relieve pain as a means to improve quality of life. Here we report on a prostate cancer patient with spinal cord compression who became ambulant from paraparesis after he underwent a decompression laminectomy; he survived for 9.5 years with good quality of life.

Saito H. · Cancer Screening Technology Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. · Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. · Pubmed #15222103 No free full text.

Abstract: Cancer screening programs have been conducted in Japan as a public health policy without evidence that the programs were effective at reducing the mortality. To achieve mortality reduction in the country, organized screening is obviously necessary. To learn from international guidelines on cancer screening, the recommendations from the American Cancer Society was reviewed and summarized. A recent revision of the recommendation of Japanese screening programs for breast cancer and uterine cancer were also referred.

Inaba Y, Ohyama C, Kato T, Satoh M, Saito H, Hagisawa S, Takahashi T, Endoh M, Fukuda MN, Arai Y, Fukuda M. · Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. · Int J Cancer. · Pubmed #14601054 No free full text.

Abstract: Elevated expression of sialyl Lewis X has been postulated to be a prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. However, direct evidence for the relationship between increased expression of sialyl Lewis X and malignancy of prostate cancer is still lacking. To determine whether increased levels of sialyl Lewis X leads to malignancy in prostate tumor, we transfected the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase III (FTIII) to obtain stable transfectants, PC-3-FTIII lines, that highly express sialyl Lewis X. When inoculated in the prostate of nude mice, PC-3-FTIII cells produced large prostate tumors, while mock-transfected PC-3 cells, which are negative for sialyl Lewis X antigen, produced small prostate tumors. The aggressive tumor formation by PC-3-FTIII cells was inhibited by preincubation of the tumor cells with anti-sialyl Lewis X antibody, by the presence of sialyl Lewis X oligosaccharide or by selectin ligand mimic peptide but not by control peptide. PC-3-FTIII cells and mock-transfected PC-3 cells exhibited no significant difference in cell numbers when cultured in vitro. Remarkably, PC-3-FTIII adhered to prostatic stromal cells in vitro with higher affinity than mock-transfected PC-3. Such adhesion was inhibited by preincubation of PC-3-FTIII cells with antisialyl Lewis X antibody, by the addition of sialyl Lewis X oligosaccharide or by selectin ligand mimic peptide. However, anti-E-selectin, anti-P-selectin or anti-L-selectin antibodies did not inhibit the adhesion of PC-3-FTIII cells to the stromal cells. These results suggest that prostate cancer cells gain aggressiveness through adhesive interaction with prostatic stromal cells by a novel mechanism involving sialyl Lewis X.

Ando Y, Tateishi T, Sekido Y, Yamamoto T, Satoh T, Hasegawa Y, Kobayashi S, Katsumata Y, Shimokata K, Saito H. · No affiliation provided · J Natl Cancer Inst. · Pubmed #10491442 links to  free full text

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