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Review Overview of the extranigral aspects of Parkinson disease. 2009
Lim SY, Fox SH, Lang AE. · Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada. · Arch Neurol. · Pubmed #19204152 No free full text.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the features of Parkinson disease that are not related to nigrostriatal dopamine deficiency. This review addresses selected clinical, anatomic, pathologic, and biochemical correlates of the early premotor symptoms of Parkinson disease, later nonmotor fluctuations, and advanced dopa-unresponsive motor and nonmotor features. The recognition of early features that predate classic motor symptoms will be important as effective neuroprotective therapy becomes available. Later-stage features often contribute markedly to disability and impaired quality of life and, therefore, represent an important future therapeutic challenge.
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Review Impulse control and related disorders in Parkinson's disease: review. 2008
Lim SY, Evans AH, Miyasaki JM. · Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. · Ann N Y Acad Sci. · Pubmed #18990123 No free full text.
Abstract: In the past decade, impulse control disorders, punding, and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (which we refer to collectively as disinhibitory psychopathologies) have been increasingly recognized in treated patients with Parkinson's disease. Practicing neurologists must understand these problems to limit potential harm. In this article, we summarize current knowledge regarding these behavioral disorders, including phenomenology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.
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