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Guideline Position of the American Dietetic Association: weight management. 2009
Seagle HM, Strain GW, Makris A, Reeves RS, Anonymous00023. · No affiliation provided · J Am Diet Assoc. · Pubmed #19244669 No free full text.
Abstract: It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that successful weight management to improve overall health for adults requires a lifelong commitment to healthful lifestyle behaviors emphasizing sustainable and enjoyable eating practices and daily physical activity. Given the increasing incidence of overweight and obesity along with the escalating health care costs associated with weight-related illnesses, health care providers must discover how to effectively treat this complex condition. Food and nutrition professionals should stay current and skilled in weight management to assist clients in preventing weight gain, optimizing individual weight loss interventions, and achieving long-term weight loss maintenance. Using the American Dietetic Association's Evidence Analysis Process and Evidence Analysis Library, this position paper presents the current data and recommendations for weight management. The evidence supporting the value of portion control, eating frequency, meal replacements, and very-low-energy diets are discussed as well as physical activity, behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. Public policy changes to create environments that can assist all populations to achieve and sustain healthful lifestyle behaviors are also reviewed.
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Article Resting energy expenditure in reduced-obese subjects in the National Weight Control Registry. free! 1999
Wyatt HR, Grunwald GK, Seagle HM, Klem ML, McGuire MT, Wing RR, Hill JO. · Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. · Am J Clin Nutr. · Pubmed #10357738 links to free full text
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight loss in obese subjects is associated with a reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR). Whether the reduction can be explained solely by a reduction in lean body mass remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether the reduction in RMR after weight loss was proportional to the decrease in lean mass alone or was greater than could be explained by body composition. DESIGN: We measured the RMR, fasting respiratory quotient (RQ), and body composition in 40 reduced-obese subjects [ie, 7 men and 33 women who had lost > or = 13.6 kg (30 lb) and maintained the loss for > or = 1 y] enrolled in the National Weight Control Registry and 46 weight-matched control subjects (9 men, 37 women). RESULTS: A stepwise multiple regression found lean mass, fat mass, age, and sex to be the best predictors of RMR in both groups. After adjusting RMR for these variables, we found no significant difference in RMR (5926 +/- 106 and 6015 +/- 104 kJ/d) between the 2 groups (P = 0.35). When we adjusted fasting RQ for percentage body fat and age, the reduced-obese group had a slightly higher (0.807 +/- 0.006) RQ than the control group (0.791 +/- 0.005, P = 0.05). This may have been due to the consumption of a diet lower in fat or to a reduced capacity for fat oxidation in the reduced-obese group. CONCLUSION: These results show that in at least some reduced-obese individuals there does not seem to be a permanent obligatory reduction in RMR beyond the expected reduction for a reduced lean mass.
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