Hyperlipidemias: Planet Earth

Anonymous00454. · No affiliation provided · Am J Nurs. · Pubmed #15108576 No free full text.

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Charbonnel B, Bouhanick B, Le Feuvre C, Anonymous00016. · No affiliation provided · Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. · Pubmed #15106747 No free full text.

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Snow V, Aronson MD, Hornbake ER, Mottur-Pilson C, Weiss KB, Anonymous00316. · American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA. · Ann Intern Med. · Pubmed #15096336 links to  free full text

Abstract: In an effort to provide internists and other primary care physicians with effective management strategies for diabetes care, the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee (CEAS) of the American College of Physicians (ACP) decided to develop guidelines on the management of dyslipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The CEAS commissioned a systematic review of the currently available evidence on the management of lipids in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The evidence review is presented in a background paper in this issue. On the basis of this systematic review, the CEAS developed recommendations that the ACP Board of Regents then approved as policy. The target audience for this guideline is all clinicians who care for patients with type 2 diabetes. The target patient population is all persons with type 2 diabetes, including those who already have some form of microvascular complication and, of particular importance, premenopausal women. The recommendations are as follows. RECOMMENDATION 1: Lipid-lowering therapy should be used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity for all patients (both men and women) with known coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes. RECOMMENDATION 2: Statins should be used for primary prevention against macrovascular complications in patients (both men and women) with type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. RECOMMENDATION 3: Once lipid-lowering therapy is initiated, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should be taking at least moderate doses of a statin. RECOMMENDATION 4: For those patients with type 2 diabetes who are taking statins, routine monitoring of liver function tests or muscle enzymes is not recommended except in specific circumstances.

Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Chandra-Strobos N, Fabunmi RP, Grady D, Haan CK, Hayes SN, Judelson DR, Keenan NL, McBride P, Oparil S, Ouyang P, Oz MC, Mendelsohn ME, Pasternak RC, Pinn VW, Robertson RM, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Sila CA, Smith SC, Sopko G, Taylor AL, Walsh BW, Wenger NK, Williams CL, Anonymous00128. · No affiliation provided · Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. · Pubmed #15003974 links to  free full text

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Bartlett JG, Anonymous00460, Anonymous00461. · No affiliation provided · Hopkins HIV Rep. · Pubmed #14989192 No free full text.

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Anonymous00262. · No affiliation provided · Nutr Clin Care. · Pubmed #14979455 No free full text.

Abstract: The role of nutrition in disease prevention has been well established, This article provides recommendations defined by the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force for the prevention of neural tube defects, iron deficiency anemia, elevated lead levels, lipid disorders, and osteoporosis.

Leys D, Kwiecinski H, Bogousslavsky J, Bath P, Brainin M, Diener HC, Kaste M, Sivenius J, Hennerici MG, Hacke W, Anonymous00185, Anonymous00186. · No affiliation provided · Cerebrovasc Dis. · Pubmed #14707404 No free full text.

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Haffner SM, Anonymous00087. · No affiliation provided · Diabetes Care. · Pubmed #14693930 links to  free full text

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Anonymous00242. · No affiliation provided · J Am Diet Assoc. · Pubmed #14520260 No free full text.

Abstract: It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that the application of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and lifestyle counseling as a part of the Nutrition Care Process is an integral component of the medical treatment for management of specific disease states and conditions and should be the initial step in the management of these situations. If optimal control cannot be achieved with MNT alone and concurrent pharmacotherapy is required, then The Association promotes a team approach to care for clients receiving concurrent MNT and pharmacotherapy and encourages active collaboration among dietetics professionals and other members of the health care team. There are a number of medical conditions, many of them chronic, that will respond to MNT and, therefore, MNT should be the first intervention for these conditions. In addition to being a vital element of the optimal management and control of these conditions, MNT is also a cost-effective method of management. However, because of the long-term nature of these conditions, concurrent pharmacotherapy may become necessary to achieve or maintain optimal control. In cases where this is necessary, MNT should continue to be an integral component of the therapy because it may complement or enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for multiple medications. The utilization of a coordinated multidisciplinary team approach is critical to the success of the concurrent use of MNT and pharmacotherapy because of the long-term duration of the treatments, the necessity of monitoring compliance and effectiveness, and the likelihood of multiple medication-nutrient interactions.

Dubé MP, Stein JH, Aberg JA, Fichtenbaum CJ, Gerber JG, Tashima KT, Henry WK, Currier JS, Sprecher D, Glesby MJ, Anonymous00228, Anonymous00229. · Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA. · Clin Infect Dis. · Pubmed #12942391 No free full text.

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Morgan JM, Capuzzi DM. · Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center, Jefferson Heart Institute, Philadelphia, USA. · Geriatrics. · Pubmed #12938250 No free full text.

Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older patients. Therefore, its treatment and prevention is vital to improving the length and quality of life for the geriatric population at large. Clinical trial data have demonstrated that patients age 65 and older derive the same benefit from blood cholesterol reduction as younger adults. As a result, the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) recommends appropriate therapeutic lifestyle changes and drug therapy for older individuals with established CHD or for those at high risk for CHD. Drug therapy in this population, while safe, requires careful monitoring and dose adjustment due to potentially altered drug metabolism and concomitant medications. These factors lead to use of lower starting doses of lipid-lowering medications in older patients. Prudent individualized evaluation and customized therapy provide optimal cardiovascular outcomes.

Dietz R, Rauch B, Anonymous00264, Anonymous00265, Anonymous00266. · Kardiologie Campus Berlin-Buch, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany. · Z Kardiol. · Pubmed #12905980 No free full text.

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Talbert RL, Pieper JA, Ito MK, Anonymous00238. · College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, USA. · Am J Health Syst Pharm. · Pubmed #12901027 No free full text.

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Talbert RL, Anonymous00237. · College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, USA. · Am J Health Syst Pharm. · Pubmed #12901024 No free full text.

Abstract: Using recently updated guidelines to evaluate and manage lipid disorders is discussed. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a costly chronic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiologic data further indicate that dyslipidemia and associated conditions, which may lead to CHD, are grossly undertreated. In 2001, the third National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) released updated guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of lipid disorders. Significant changes to the updated guidelines include designation of a CHD risk equivalent category identifying patients who require aggressive management, recommendation of Framingham-based CHD risk assessment in patients with multiple risk factors, revised target levels for several of the lipids and lipoproteins, and criteria for the identification of patients with the metabolic syndrome. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) continues to be the primary target of therapy. In addition, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is now defined as a secondary treatment target in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Increased emphasis is placed on the metabolic syndrome, low HDL-C levels, and the presence of multiple and emerging risk factors in guiding the intensity of therapy. The NCEP ATP III guidelines acknowledge challenges in implementing and maintaining patient adherence to both lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy regimens and provide strategies for increasing treatment success. Implementation of these new guidelines will likely enhance identification, management, and treatment success rates among patients at risk for CHD in the United States.

Talbert RL, Anonymous00236. · College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, USA. · Am J Health Syst Pharm. · Pubmed #12901023 No free full text.

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Anonymous00309. · No affiliation provided · Orv Hetil. · Pubmed #12858647 No free full text.

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Schuster H, Anonymous00170. · Humboldt University Berlin, Droysenstr. 1, 10629 Berlin, Germany. · Atheroscler Suppl. · Pubmed #12714033 No free full text.

Abstract: Populations of patients at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) include those with type 2 diabetes and those with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). Despite benefits of statin lipid-lowering therapy in reducing CHD risk in diabetic patients, screening for dyslipidemia in such patients is inadequate, and patients frequently fail to achieve recommended low-density lipoprotein goals. Diagnosis of HeFH is also suboptimal, despite the reliability of family lipid screening in confirming clinical diagnosis and utility of screening in identifying other family members who are at risk. Patients with HeFH frequently require large reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to achieve target levels. In both of these populations, statins that produce large reductions in LDL cholesterol offer advantages in achieving lipid-lowering goals and in simplifying medical therapy to reduce CHD risk.

Brown AF, Mangione CM, Saliba D, Sarkisian CA, Anonymous00450. · No affiliation provided · J Am Geriatr Soc. · Pubmed #12694461 No free full text.

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Anonymous00126. · No affiliation provided · Am J Kidney Dis. · Pubmed #12671933 No free full text.

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Anonymous00388. · No affiliation provided · Am J Health Syst Pharm. · Pubmed #12659065 No free full text.

Abstract: Elevated blood cholesterol levels contribute significantly to ASVD and are often undertreated or not treated at all. Evaluation and management of lipid disorders should be guided by current NCEP guidelines. For patients with elevated cholesterol levels after appropriate therapeutic lifestyle changes, statins are a safe and effective means of reducing cardiovascular events. Because of their proven safety and effectiveness, ASHP supports the use of statins as first-line therapy for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic events.

Ressel GW, Anonymous00093. · No affiliation provided · Am Fam Physician. · Pubmed #12588082 links to  free full text

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Anonymous00237. · U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, USA. · Ann Intern Med. · Pubmed #12558361 links to  free full text

Abstract: This statement summarizes the current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on screening for type 2 diabetes in adults and updates the 1996 recommendations on this topic. The complete USPSTF recommendation and rationale statement on this topic, which includes a brief review of the supporting evidence, is available through the USPSTF Web site ( http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov ) and the National Guideline Clearinghouse ( http://www.guideline.gov ) and in print through the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Publications Clearinghouse (call 800-358-9295 or e-mail mailto:ahrqpubs@ahrq.gov ). The complete information on which this statement is based, including evidence tables and references, is available in the accompanying article in this issue and in the summary of the evidence and systematic evidence review on this topic on the Web sites already mentioned. The summary of the evidence is also available in print through the AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse.

da Silva PM, Silva JM, Gil VM, Anonymous00208. · No affiliation provided · Rev Port Cardiol. · Pubmed #12522982 No free full text.

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Haffner SM, Anonymous00085. · No affiliation provided · Diabetes Care. · Pubmed #12502625 links to  free full text

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Anonymous00363. · No affiliation provided · Circulation. · Pubmed #12485966 links to  free full text

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