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Guideline APIC position paper: hepatitis C exposure in the health care setting. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. 1999
DeCastro MG, Denys GA, Fauerbach LL, Ferranti JK, Hawkins K, Masters LC, Rimland D, Sharbaugh RJ, Zeller J. · APIC, Washington, DC 20036, USA. · Am J Infect Control. · Pubmed #9949378 No free full text.
Abstract: The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc (APIC), is a multidisciplinary, voluntary, international organization of professionals who practice infection control and the application of epidemiology in all health settings. APIC is an international leader in prevention and control of infection transmission.
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Clinical Conference Use of fluoroquinolones in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus-induced liver failure. free! 2002
Kojima H, Kaita KD, Hawkins K, Uhanova J, Minuk GY. · Liver Diseases Unit, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. · Antimicrob Agents Chemother. · Pubmed #12234860 links to free full text
Abstract: Fluroquinolone antibiotics have been reported to have antiviral properties against RNA viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the present study, five patients with advanced liver disease secondary to chronic HCV received 500 mg daily of oral ciprofloxacin for 30 days. Serum HCV-RNA levels and liver enzyme abnormalities remained largely unchanged. Thus, the role of fluoroquinolones as antiviral agents for chronic HCV in patients with advanced liver disease appears to be limited.
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Article Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a North American adult hemodialysis patient population. 2004
Minuk GY, Sun DF, Greenberg R, Zhang M, Hawkins K, Uhanova J, Gutkin A, Bernstein K, Giulivi A, Osiowy C. · Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. <> · Hepatology. · Pubmed #15486926 No free full text.
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections continue to occur in adult hemodialysis units. A possible contributing factor is the presence of occult HBV (serum hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] negative but HBV DNA positive). Two hundred forty-one adult hemodialysis patients were screened for occult HBV. HBV DNA testing was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 2 independent primer sets (core promoter and surface). Two (0.8%) of the 241 patients were HBsAg positive. Of the remaining 239 HBsAg-negative patients, 9 (3.8%) were HBV DNA positive. Viral loads in these individuals were low (10(2)-10(4) viral copies/mL). Seven of the 9 (78%) were nt 587 mutation (sG145R mutant) positive. Demographic, biochemical, and HBV serological testing did not help to identify those with occult HBV. In conclusion, the prevalence of occult HBV in adult hemodialysis patients in this North American urban center is approximately 4 to 5 times higher than standard HBsAg testing would suggest. The majority of these infections are associated with low viral loads and a high prevalence of the sG145R mutant. Finally, the demographic, biochemical, and/or serological features of HBV DNA-positive subjects do not distinguish these individuals from the remainder of the dialysis patient population.
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