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Review Chemical, thermal, and biological ocular exposures. 2008
Spector J, Fernandez WG. · Boston Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. · Emerg Med Clin North Am. · Pubmed #18249260 No free full text.
Abstract: Chemical or radiant energy injuries to the eyes are considered ocular burns. The majority of these injuries are occupation-related. Chemical burns are by far more common and represent a true emergency. Thermal and UV injuries are associated with severe pain, but often result in less long-term sequelae than chemical injuries do. The term "biologic exposure" refers to an exposure to human blood or other body fluid. This article describes patterns of these injuries and exposures, with particular emphasis on emergent management and including acute diagnostic and treatment considerations.
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Article Brief interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use among military personnel: lessons learned from the civilian experience. 2006
Fernandez WG, Hartman R, Olshaker J. · 4th Medical Battalion, Surgery Company Bravo, Detachment 5, 4th Marine Logistics Group, Fleet Marine Forces Reserve, Brooklyn, NY 11234, USA. · Mil Med. · Pubmed #16808138 No free full text.
Abstract: Unhealthy alcohol use is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Among military personnel, service members between the ages 18 and 25 had a 27.3% prevalence of heavy drinking in the previous 30 days, compared to 15.3% among civilians in the same age group. In the civilian world, > 100 million patients are treated in U.S. emergency departments (ED) annually; 7.9% of these visits are alcohol related. Alcohol is associated with a broad range of health consequences that may ultimately present in the ED setting: traumatic injuries (e.g., motor vehicle crashes, intentional violence, falls); environmental injuries (e.g., frostbite); cardiovascular problems (e.g., hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy); gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding); neurological problems (e.g., encephalopathy, alcohol withdrawal, withdrawal seizures), as well as psychological problems (e.g., depression, suicide). Seminal work has been done to create behavioral interventions for at-risk drinkers. These motivational interventions have been found to be successful in encouraging clients to change their risky behaviors. We present such a technique, called the Brief Negotiated Interview as performed in a civilian ED setting, in hopes of adapting it for use in the military context. Military health care providers could easily adapt this technique to help reduce risky levels of alcohol consumption among service members, retirees, or military dependents.
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