Rheumatoid Arthritis: Galluzzi F

Falcini F, Bindi G, Simonini G, Stagi S, Galluzzi F, Masi L, Cimaz R. · Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, University of Florence, Italy. · J Rheumatol. · Pubmed #12508409 No free full text.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate at baseline and after one year the bone status in children with chronic rheumatic diseases (CRD) using quantitative ultrasound techniques. METHODS: We evaluated bone status in 67 children, 52 female, 15 male, age range 2.80 to 18.10 years; 46 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 11 juvenile dermatomyositis, and 10 systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty-seven of 67 patients were taking only nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), 11 were given NSAID and methotrexate (MTX), 15 were also receiving steroids (prednisone), and 14 patients were given steroids and alendronate. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) by bone was determined at the left calcaneus using two 12.5 mm diameter, 1 MHz transducers mounted in hand-held calipers linked to a pediatric contact ultrasound bone analyzer. RESULTS: At baseline in the whole patient group mean BUA values and Z scores were significantly lower than in controls: 41.84 +/- 21.64 vs 61.69 +/- 17.42 dB/MHz (p < 0.001); Z score -0.91 +/- 1.07 vs 0.09 +/- 0.62 in controls (p < 0.001). At one year followup in the patient group BUA values were significantly increased compared to baseline (BUA 46.43 +/- 21.51 dB/MHz; p = 0.002); no significant difference was found in Z score. The 15 children receiving steroids in addition to NSAID and MTX showed a decrease in BUA value at one year (NS), while Z scores were significantly reduced compared to baseline (-1.45 +/- 1.40 vs -1.08 +/- 1.11; p < 0.05). The 14 patients in the group receiving NSAID and MTX who also received alendronate showed significant increases in BUA (56.93 +/- 19.32 vs 44.21 +/- 15.67; p < 0.001) and Z score (-0.87 +/- 1.19 vs -1.56 +/- 0.82; p < 0.002). CONCLUSION: Contact ultrasound bone analysis at the calcaneus is a useful tool in the assessment and monitoring of bone status in children with CRD.

Falcini F, Bindi G, Ermini M, Galluzzi F, Poggi G, Rossi S, Masi L, Cimaz R, Brandi ML. · Department of Pediatrics, University of Florence, Italy. · Calcif Tissue Int. · Pubmed #10908407 No free full text.

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a common complication in children with chronic rheumatic diseases (CRD). Although dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is increasingly being used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) in children, it exposes the subject to ionizing radiation and does not provide a measure of true bone density; in fact, in growing bones the increase in BMD is mainly caused by the increase in bone size. In recent years, quantitative ultrasound techniques (QUS) have been used in radiation-free assessment of bone density and "bone quality" by measurement of the ultrasound waves attenuation by bone (BUA). In the present study we made a direct comparison of BUA in the calcaneum, determined by the pediatric contact ultrasound bone analyzer (CUBA) with lumbar BMD measured by DXA, in a group of 6-18-year-old patients with CRD. The study group consisted of 53 patients affected with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (n = 29), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 13), and juvenile dermatomyositis (n = 11). Mean age was 13.02 +/- 2.69 years. In 22 patients (19 girls, 3 boys) both DXA and CUBA were repeated after 1 year in order to assess the mean percentage rate of BMD and BUA change over this time. Both lumbar spine BMD and calcaneal BUA measurements were lower in the CRD patients compared with a control group (P < 0.001). Calcaneal BUA was significantly correlated (r = 0.83, P < 0.001) with lumbar spine BMD. Age and sex correction (Z-score) did not change the relationship between BUA and BMD (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). A significant correlation between the mean percentage of variation (delta%) of BMD and BUA (r = 0.76, P < 0.001) was also demonstrated in the 22 patients who were evaluated prospectively. Portability, ease of use, lower cost, and absence of radiation make CUBA a promising means of evaluating BMD in children.