Anxiety Disorders: Clarke S

Fogler JM, Shipherd JC, Clarke S, Jensen J, Rowe E. · The Brookline Community Mental Center, Brookline, MA 02445, USA. · J Child Sex Abus. · Pubmed #19042605 No free full text.

Abstract: The literature on clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse suggests that there are two modal populations of survivors: boys and adult women. We review what is known about trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder following sexual abuse and explore the different treatment needs for these two survivor groups. For children, clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse can catastrophically alter the trajectory of psychosocial, sexual, and spiritual development. Depending on the age at which abuse occurred, adult clients may present with clinical issues that are more appropriate for a younger developmental stage. Additionally, the symptoms of traumatic stress may be misunderstood when clients conceptualize their abuse as an "affair" or "consensual" relationship. We discuss empirically supported treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder and potential adaptations for the needs of clergy-perpetrated sexual abuse survivors.

Levy N, Clarke S. · Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. · Curr Opin Psychiatry. · Pubmed #18852564 No free full text.

Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The field of neuroethics is experiencing a great deal of activity at present, as researchers come to realize the potentially dramatic implications of new work in neuroscience and its applications. This review aims to describe some of the work of direct relevance to psychiatric ethics. RECENT FINDINGS: The review focuses on ethical issues surrounding the use of propranolol to treat or prevent posttraumatic stress disorder, issues concerning the capacity of the mentally ill to give informed consent to medical treatment and the potential social implications of cognitive enhancers and other interventions into the mind. SUMMARY: It is argued that psychiatric ethics would benefit from a consideration of cognate questions arising in neuroethics; in particular, neuroethics has the potential to remind psychiatrists that individual treatment decisions can have broad social implications.

Clarke S, Heussler H, Kohn MR. · Centre for Research into Adolescent Health, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. · Intern Med J. · Pubmed #16313548 No free full text.

Abstract: Abstract Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has long been described in children who demonstrate developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and motor restlessness. In adults, symptoms are known to persist and the validity of adult ADHD as an entity is now recognized. There is an associated high proportion of other serious psychiatric comorbidities, especially substance abuse, mood and anxiety disorders. Advances have been made into the aetiology and management of ADHD. Many of these focus on the dopamine and noradrenaline pathways.

Kennedy F, Clarke S, Stopa L, Bell L, Rouse H, Ainsworth C, Fearon P, Waller G. · Sevenacres, St. Mary's Hospital, New Port, Isle of Wight Healthcare NHS Trust, PO30 5TG, UK. · J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. · Pubmed #15157816 No free full text.

Abstract: Dissociation comprises a range of psychological processes, which have largely been the subject of psychodynamic discussion. Dissociative phenomena are for the most part unaddressed by cognitive theorists. Current measures are atheoretical and our understanding of dissociation has been hampered by the absence of clear psychological models. This paper describes a new cognitive model of dissociation and the development and validation of a theoretically based measure-the Wessex Dissociation Scale (WDS). The WDS has adequate internal consistency, shows convergent validity with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II), and is equivalent to the DES-II in its associations with severe psychopathology. However, the WDS has some advantages over the DES-II, in that it is sensitive to milder manifestations of dissociation, demonstrating links to less severe pathologies. The findings described here provide preliminary support for the usefulness of the cognitive model, and the varied consequences of dissociative processes. The clinical and research utility of the model and the scale are discussed.

Clarke S, Harrington P, Barry M, Mulcahy F. · Department of GenitoUrinary Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. · Clin Infect Dis. · Pubmed #11017835 No free full text.

Abstract: Eight patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus, and who had each sustained an adverse drug reaction while following a regimen including nevirapine, were switched to a regimen including efavirenz. None of the patients experienced adverse events identical to that which necessitated discontinuation of nevirapine. This study demonstrates that adverse events related to nevirapine are not a class-specific effect.