Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Sharland M, Gibb D, Giaquinto C. · Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, St. George's Hospital, London, UK. · Eur J Pediatr. · Pubmed #11014462 No free full text.

Abstract: The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy has been associated with a dramatic clinical improvement in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, the uptake of antiretroviral therapy has been variable across Europe. The Paediatric European Network for the Treatment of AIDS Steering Committee has performed a systematic literature review of paediatric antiretroviral therapy trials. An analysis of the evidence base for the commencement and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy was produced. Suggestions for when to commence antiretroviral therapy, which drugs to start with and how to monitor and sequence drug regimens are given. CONCLUSION: The aim of these guidelines is to help in obtaining equity of access to a uniformly high standard of care for children with human immunodeficiency virus infection in all European countries.

Anonymous58955. · No affiliation provided · J Periodontol. · Pubmed #10875698 No free full text.

Abstract: The American Academy of Periodontology has developed the following parameter on periodontitis associated with systemic conditions. Patients affected by periodontal disease with concomitant systemic factors should be informed about the significance of the systemic condition(s) to the periodontal disease process. Patients should also be informed of the periodontal disease process, therapeutic alternatives, potential complications, expected results, and their responsibilities in treatment. Consequences of no periodontal treatment should be explained. Failure to treat periodontitis appropriately can result in progressive loss of periodontal supporting tissues, an adverse change in prognosis, tooth loss, and compromise of the dentition. Given this information, patients should then be able to make informed decisions regarding their periodontal therapy.

Pareja Bezares A, Alvarez Pasquín MJ, Batalla Martínez C, Comín Bertrán E, Gómez Marco JJ, Niño Martín V, Piñeiro Guerrero R. · No affiliation provided · Aten Primaria. · Pubmed #10666928 No free full text.

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Anonymous48927. · No affiliation provided · MMWR Recomm Rep. · Pubmed #10632297 links to  free full text

Abstract: CDC recommends that all states and territories conduct case surveillance for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as an extension of current acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance activities. The expansion of national surveillance to include both HIV infection and AIDS cases is a necessary response to the impact of advances in antiretroviral therapy, the implementation of new HIV treatment guidelines, and the increased need for epidemiologic data regarding persons at all stages of HIV disease. Expanded surveillance will provide additional data about HIV-infected populations to enhance local, state, and federal efforts to prevent HIV transmission, improve allocation of resources for treatment services, and assist in evaluating the impact of public health interventions. CDC will provide technical assistance to all state and territorial health departments to continue or establish HIV and AIDS case surveillance systems and to evaluate the performance of their surveillance programs. This report includes a revised case definition for HIV infection in adults and children, recommended program practices, and performance and security standards for conducting HIV/AIDS surveillance by local, state, and territorial health departments. The revised surveillance case definition and associated recommendations become effective January 1, 2000.

Van Bockstaele DR, Deneys V, Philippé J, Bernier M, Kestens L, Chatelain B, De Waele M, Demanet C. · Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen (UZA/UIA), Laboratorium Hematologie. · Acta Clin Belg. · Pubmed #10394646 No free full text.

Abstract: This paper summarises the guidelines and recommendations that were generated during a number of discussion forums attended by the majority of Belgian cytometry laboratory professionals. These forums focused on the rational and optimal use of flow cytometric evaluations in the clinical laboratory setting. The aim was to improve the coherence of the testing panels and the quality of the results and--as such--the clinical diagnostic information. It was also the aim to provide the Belgian prescribing physician and interested laymen with an updated overview of the flow cytometric possibilities. Emphasis is placed on immunophenotyping of haematological malignancies, hematopoietic progenitor cell counting and follow-up of the viral infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.

Anonymous53408. · No affiliation provided · Pediatrics. · Pubmed #10224192 No free full text.

Abstract: Children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have had high rates of mortality attributable to measles, but until recently, measles vaccine was assumed to be safe for these children. A single fatal case of pneumonia attributable to vaccine type-measles virus has been documented in a young adult with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Because a protective immune response often does not develop in severely immunocompromised HIV-infected patients after immunization and some risk of severe complications exists, HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults who are severely immunocompromised (based on age-specific CD4 lymphocyte enumeration) attributable to HIV infection should not receive measles vaccine. All other HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults who are not severely immunocompromised should receive measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.

Brockmeyer N. · Deutsche AIDS-Gesellschaft, Dermatologische Klinik der Ruhr-Universität im St. Josef-Hospital, Gudrunstr. 56, D-44791 Bochum, Germany. · Eur J Med Res. · Pubmed #9892574 No free full text.

Abstract: The same guidelines are valid for HIV-infected women during pregnancy as for HIV-infected adults. The only modification of these guidelines necessary is that treatment is indicated in clinically asymptomatic pregnant patients when the T-helper cell count is <250-400/microl. Initial therapy is a 3-drug combination including two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and one protease inhibitor (PI) or one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Since the teratogenicity of PI and NNRTI is unclear, a virologically weaker two-drug combination consisting of 2 NRTIs can be resorted to. When therapy is pending, embryonal toxicological factors require a decision to be made in the first trimester of pregnancy as to whether a therapy pause of maximally 3 months is medically tenable for the pregnant woman. The decision should be adjusted to the risk and reached in each individual case after consulting with the future mother. The same substances can be administered when antiretroviral medication is started again, since it is unlikely that resistance will develop. To reduce the risk of vertical transmission, the following prophylactic regimen is recommended during delivery: 1) zidovudine treatment of the mother after completion of the 32nd week of pregnancy (32 + 0) at a dosage of 5 x 100 mg/day or 2 x 250 mg/day orally; if necessary, in addition to the ongoing antiretroviral therapy. 2) first-option cesarean section along with preparation of fetal membrane before onset of labor in the 36th completed week of pregnancy (36 + 0). 3) preoperative intravenous zidovudine therapy (2 mg/kg body weight). 4) postnatal zidovudine therapy of the child for 10 days intravenously (1.3 mg/kg every 6 hours) or 2-6 weeks orally (2 mg/kg every 6 hours). In exceptional obstetric cases, e.g., premature labor, premature rupture of the membranes, amniotic infection syndrome, or multiple pregnancy, cesarean section is also the preferred mode of delivery. However, the decision must be made on the basis of obstetric concerns. If prophylaxis to prevent transmission has been incomplete, at least intrapartum and postnatal treatment should be given. If the HIV status of the mother is unclear, it must be ascertained in order to administer a prophylaxis to prevent transmission if necessary. A competent consultation must always be offered, if appropriate also together with a relevant institution.

Deleuze J. · No affiliation provided · Rev Prat. · Pubmed #19462858 No free full text.

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Gross R, Bisson G. · No affiliation provided · Ann Intern Med. · Pubmed #19451581 No free full text.

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Sathekge M, Maes A, Al-Nahhas A, Rubello D, Chiti A. · No affiliation provided · Nucl Med Commun. · Pubmed #19357489 No free full text.

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Shulman ST. · No affiliation provided · Pediatr Ann. · Pubmed #19353898 No free full text.

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Anonymous146167. · No affiliation provided · Curr Opin HIV AIDS. · Pubmed #19339943 No free full text.

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Anonymous145914. · No affiliation provided · Lancet. · Pubmed #19328984 No free full text.

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Chikte UM. · No affiliation provided · SADJ. · Pubmed #19322962 No free full text.

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Picerno I, Spataro P, Cannavò G, Sturiale I, Di Nola A, Sidoti S, Calisto ML. · No affiliation provided · J Prev Med Hyg. · Pubmed #19278134 No free full text.

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Bliss-Holtz J. · No affiliation provided · Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. · Pubmed #19263289 No free full text.

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Anonymous139509. · No affiliation provided · Lancet. · Pubmed #19217969 No free full text.

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Williams DA. · No affiliation provided · Mol Ther. · Pubmed #19180109 No free full text.

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Ncayiyana DJ. · No affiliation provided · S Afr Med J. · Pubmed #19177878 No free full text.

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Anonymous140747. · No affiliation provided · Nature. · Pubmed #19177074 No free full text.

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Suljagić V. · No affiliation provided · Vojnosanit Pregl. · Pubmed #19160978 No free full text.

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Dobrić S. · No affiliation provided · Vojnosanit Pregl. · Pubmed #19160977 No free full text.

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Sodora DL, Ross TM. · No affiliation provided · Curr HIV Res. · Pubmed #19149548 No free full text.

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Anonymous137266. · No affiliation provided · Nature. · Pubmed #19148049 No free full text.

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Sun JP. · No affiliation provided · Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. · Pubmed #19141215 No free full text.

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