Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Okada S

Minoda H, Usui N, Sata T, Katano H, Serizawa H, Okada S. · Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. · Jpn J Ophthalmol. · Pubmed #16453181 No free full text.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) of the conjunctiva in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: Clinical observation, pathologic findings of conjunctival specimens, immunohistochemical staining for HHV-8-specific antigen, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of HHV-8 DNA, and detection of specific antibody in patient's serum at appropriate times. RESULTS: In the conjunctival specimen, swollen endothelial-like cells were found with slit-like vessels. CD 31-positive cells were noted on the inner surface of the slit-like vessels, and HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen was detected. The presence of HHV-8 DNA was demonstrated by PCR. Anti-HHV-8 antibody was found in the patient's serum. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case report in the ophthalmology literature that provides histological, DNA, and serological evidence that HHV-8 is involved in the pathogenesis of conjunctival KS.

Murakami T, Suzuki M, Okada S, Suzuki J, Nagaoka T, Sakamoto K, Aoki S, Matsuoka R. · Department of Respiratory Medicine, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. · Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. · Pubmed #11061091 No free full text.

Abstract: A 40-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with acute respiratory failure. The patient was given a diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). After treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and corticosteroid, the respiratory failure was improved and the abnormal shadows disappeared. The serum beta-D-glucan level, significantly elevated (76.0 pg/ml) on admission, returned to the normal range within two weeks. Serum KL-6 (max. 7580 U/ml) and surfactant protein-D (SP-D) (max. 235 ng/ml), which are produced by type II pneumocytes, increased after elevation of the beta-D-glucan level and decreased gradually following successful treatment. These findings suggest that beta-D-glucan may be a serological marker for PCP infection and KL-6 may be a serological marker for lung injury in PCP with AIDS.

Pu R, Omori M, Okada S, Rine SL, Lewis BA, Lipton E, Yamamoto JK. · Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. · Cell Immunol. · Pubmed #10612649 No free full text.

Abstract: The role of cellular immunity in vaccine protection against FIV infection was evaluated using adoptive cell transfer studies. Specific-pathogen-free cats received two adoptive transfers of washed blood cells from either vaccinated or unvaccinated donors with varying MHC compatibility at 1-week intervals, and a homologous FIV(Pet) challenge 1 day after the first adoptive transfer. FIV-specific CTL, IFN-gamma production, and proliferation responses were detected in the PBMC from the vaccinated donors. Seven of eleven (64%) recipients of cells from half-matched/vaccinated donors remained negative for FIV-antibodies after FIV challenge and four of those were completely protected. Two of two recipients of cells from MHC-identical/vaccinated donors were completely protected. All recipients of cells from unrelated/vaccinated, half-matched/unvaccinated, or unrelated/unvaccinated donors were unprotected. Thus, protection mediated by adoptive transfer of immunocytes from vaccinated cats was MHC-restricted, occurred in the absence of antiviral humoral immunity, and correlated with the transfer of cells with FIV-specific CTL and T-helper activities.

Inui K, Miyagawa H, Sashihara J, Miyoshi H, Tanaka-Taya K, Nishigaki T, Teraoka S, Mano T, Ono J, Okada S. · Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. · Brain Dev. · Pubmed #10487477 No free full text.

Abstract: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease resulting from lytic infection of oligodendrocytes by the papovavirus JC (JCV). PML has also been recognized as an AIDS-defining illness. The incidence of PML has increased since 1987 and it occurs in up to 4% of patients with AIDS. To date, there is no treatment available for PML and it usually results in death within 3-6 months of diagnosis. However, there are some reports of remission of PML after antiretroviral therapy. We report a 12-year-old child with hemophilia B and developing AIDS with the onset of PML. With highly active antiretroviral therapy, PML subsided with an increase of CD4 count from 10 to 300/microl in spite of about 1.0 X 10(4) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-RNA copies. He has survived more than 1 year without specific therapy against JCV. Highly active antiretroviral therapy appears to have improved his prognosis in HIV-associated PML.