Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Ikeda M

Takehisa J, Harada Y, Ndembi N, Mboudjeka I, Taniguchi Y, Ngansop C, Kuate S, Zekeng L, Ibuki K, Shimada T, Bikandou B, Yamaguchi-Kabata Y, Miura T, Ikeda M, Ichimura H, Kaptué L, Hayami M. · Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan. · AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. · Pubmed #11522184 No free full text.

Abstract: We found a novel primate lentivirus in mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx). To clarify the evolutionary relationships and transmission patterns of human/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV), we screened blood samples from 30 wild-born healthy Cameroonian mandrills. Five (16.7%) of them were seropositive for SIV. Three SIV strains were isolated from the five seropositive mandrills by cocultivation of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with PBMCs of rhesus macaques, a human T cell line (M8166), and/or a cynomolgus macaque T cell line (HSC-F). One of the newly isolated SIV strains was intravenously inoculated into two rhesus macaques and resulted in chronic infection. In the SIV-infected macaques at 45 weeks after inoculation, we observed a mild decline in the number of peripheral CD4(+) lymphocytes, lymphadenopathy, and blastic follicular dendritic cells with mild follicular hyperplasia in the peripheral lymph nodes. A phylogenetic analysis based on the pol sequence showed that the newly found SIVs from Cameroonian mandrills did not cluster with SIVmndGB1, which is the former representative strain of SIVmnd. The SIVmnds from Cameroon formed a new, independent lineage that branched before the root of the HIV-1/SIVcpz lineage with 996 of 1000 bootstrap replications. They clustered host specifically, and exhibited about 16.9% diversity at the level of nucleotide sequence among Cameroonian SIVmnd strains. These results indicate that the SIVmnds isolated in Cameroon are a novel type of SIVmnd and have infected Cameroonian mandrills for a long time. We therefore designated the Cameroonian SIVmnd as SIVmnd type 2 and redesignated SIVmndGB1 as SIVmnd type 1. To date, M. sphinx is the only primate species other than humans that is naturally infected with two different types of SIV.

Ryu T, Ikeda M, Okazaki Y, Tokuda H, Yoshino N, Honda M, Kimura S, Miura Y. · Department of Internal Medicine, Social Insurance Chuo General Hospital, Tokyo. · Intern Med. · Pubmed #11518128 links to  free full text

Abstract: Two cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with myelodysplasia are presented. Case 1 was admitted because of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Mild anemia, thrombocytopenia and hypersegmented neutrophils were observed. After the administration of trimethoprim-sulfame-thoxazole and antiretroviral therapy, pancytopenia progressed. Bone marrow (BM) showed dysplastic hematopoiesis, suggesting human immunodeficiency virus-myelopathy. Case 2 was hospitalized due to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. BM specimen obtained for thrombocytopenia showed myelodysplasia similar to myelodysplastic syndrome, suggesting that HIV may have an influence on hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Bikandou B, Takehisa J, Mboudjeka I, Ido E, Kuwata T, Miyazaki Y, Moriyama H, Harada Y, Taniguchi Y, Ichimura H, Ikeda M, Ndolo PJ, Nzoukoudi MY, M'Vouenze R, M'Pandi M, Parra HJ, M'Pelé P, Hayami M. · Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Institute for Virus Research Kyoto University, Japan. · AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. · Pubmed #10791871 No free full text.

Abstract: To assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Republic of Congo (Congo), we investigated 29 HIV-1s obtained from 82 Congolese AIDS and ARC patients in 1996 and 1997. Part of the env region including the V3 loop was phylogenetically analyzed. The genotypes observed were varied: of 29 specimens, 12 (41 %) were subtype A, 1 (3%) was subtype D, 6 (21%) were subtype G, 6 (21%) were subtype H, 2 (7%) were subtype J, and 2 (7%) could not be classified as any known subtypes (U, unclassified). The heterogeneous profile of HIV-1 infection was different from the profiles of neighboring Central African countries. These data show that subtypes G and H as well as subtype A were circulating with high prevalence. The fact that new genetic subtypes (J and U) are circulating indicates a need for a greater surveillance for these subtypes both in Congo as well as in other parts of the world.