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Clinical Conference Effect of cessation of zidovudine prophylaxis to reduce vertical transmission on maternal HIV disease progression and survival. 2003
Bardeguez AD, Shapiro DE, Mofenson LM, Coombs R, Frenkel LM, Fowler MG, Huang S, Sperling RS, Cunningham B, Gandia J, Maupin R, Zorrilla CD, Jones T, O'Sullivan MJ, Anonymous00371. · University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA. · J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. · Pubmed #12571527 No free full text.
Abstract: Zidovudine prophylaxis is recommended to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission, but there are limited data on long-term effects on women's health. Pediatrics AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 288 was a prospective observational study among US women randomized to zidovudine or placebo in PACTG 076 that was designed to evaluate and compare postpartum clinical, immune, and viral parameters between randomized treatment arms. Forty-eight percent (226/474) of eligible women enrolled in the study (mean follow-up of 4.1 years). Progression and time to AIDS or death were similar in both groups, observed in 21 (19%) zidovudine group women and 29 (25%) placebo group women (RR = 0.73, 90% CI: 0.46-1.17). No significant differences in CD4 lymphocyte count or HIV RNA levels were detected. Genotypic zidovudine resistance was detected in 10% of 156 women (9% of zidovudine group women and 11% of placebo group women). Based on our data, ZDV monotherapy could be considered as chemoprophylaxis to reduce perinatal HIV transmission for minimally symptomatic HIV-infected pregnant women with a low viral load and normal CD4 cell count who do not want to receive highly active antiretroviral therapy because of concern about potential side effects or who wish to reduce fetal exposure to multiple drugs during pregnancy.
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Clinical Conference Treatment of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection with potent antiretroviral therapy reduces frequency of rapid progression to AIDS. 2001
Berrey MM, Schacker T, Collier AC, Shea T, Brodie SJ, Mayers D, Coombs R, Krieger J, Chun TW, Fauci A, Self SG, Corey L. · Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. · J Infect Dis. · Pubmed #11319682 No free full text.
Abstract: Immunologic data supporting immediate antiretroviral therapy in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are emerging; however, clinical benefit has not been demonstrated. The clinical and virologic course of 47 patients who were enrolled from September 1993 through June 1996 and who were not initially treated with potent therapy was compared with the course of 20 patients who immediately began therapy with zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir. Demographic and baseline laboratory data were comparable. During 78 weeks of follow-up, the early-treatment cohort showed a reduced frequency of opportunistic infections (5% vs. 21.3%; relative risk, 0.11; P=.02), less frequent progression to AIDS (13% vs. 0%), and significantly less frequent nonopportunistic mucocutaneous disorders and respiratory infections (P<.01). Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were <50 copies/mL in all patients who continued therapy; however, after 9--12 months, HIV-1 remained detectable in latently infected CD4(+) T cells and in lymph node mononuclear cells. Combination antiretroviral therapy during primary HIV-1 infection demonstrated a decreased frequency of minor opportunistic infections, mucocutaneous disorders, and respiratory infections and reduced progression to AIDS.
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