Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Ariyoshi K

Wichukchinda N, Shiino T, Srisawat J, Rojanawiwat A, Pathipvanich P, Sawanpanyalert P, Ariyoshi K, Auwanit W. · Thai National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. · AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. · Pubmed #16131314 No free full text.

Abstract: The increased proportion of CRFO1_AE/subtype B recombinant infections among injecting drug users raised a concern that such recombinant forms may also spread in a heterosexual population in Thailand. Using the BootScan method, we reanalyzed pol gene sequences among 114 heterosexually infected individuals in northern Thailand, who were tested for a drug-resistance genotype between July 2000 and July 2001. Two individuals were suspected of carrying a recombinant HIV-1. Thus we analyzed a nearly full-length HIV genome in the two individuals and their spouses. An identical recombinant form of CRF01_AE and subtype B was found in one couple, indicating that this recombinant virus was heterosexually transmitted. Interestingly, this recombinant form had multiple breakpoints in the core protein of Gag and both infected individuals had a high CD4+ cell count without antiretroviral therapy. CRFO1/subtype B recombinant forms exist in a heterosexual population in northern Thailand. Some recombinant virus may be associated with a slow rate of HIV disease progression.

Ariyoshi K, Berry N, Cham F, Jaffar S, Schim van der Loeff M, Jobe O, N'Gom PT, Larsen O, Andersson S, Aaby P, Whittle H. · Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia. · J Infect Dis. · Pubmed #14639534 No free full text.

Abstract: Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus load was examined in a cohort of a population in Guinea-Bissau among whom human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 is endemic. Geometric mean of HIV-2 RNA load among HTLV-I-coinfected subjects was significantly lower than that in subjects infected with HIV-2 alone (212 vs. 724 copies/mL; P=.02). Adjusted for age, sex, and HIV status, the risk of death increased with HTLV-I provirus load; mortality hazard ratio was 1.59 for each log10 increase in HTLV-I provirus copies (P=.038). There is no enhancing effect of HTLV-I coinfection on HIV-2 disease, but high HTLV-I provirus loads may contribute to mortality.

Holmgren B, Andersson S, Harding E, Schim van der Loeff M, Vastrup P, Aaby P, Ariyoshi K, Whittle H. · Bandim Health Project, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. · J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. · Pubmed #12131572 No free full text.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of HTLV infection and its association with HIV and other potential risk factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional survey and a case-control study in a rural community in Guinea-Bissau. METHODS: A total of 2770 people were included in an HIV and HTLV seroepidemiologic survey. Three hundred of these participants were selected for a case-control study on HIV-2. Sera from both studies were tested for HTLV. RESULTS: In all, 2501 and 298 subjects in the survey and case-control study, respectively, were tested for HTLV. Overall HTLV-1 prevalence was 5.2% and it was higher in women (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; confidence interval [CI], 0.92-2.02). Apart from an infected spouse, no significant risk factors could be identified for men. In women, HIV-2 infection (adjusted OR, 5.58; CI, 3.09-10.1), having an infected spouse, and area of residence were significantly associated with HTLV-1 infection. The association between HTLV-1 and HIV-2 was significantly different for men and women (test of interaction, p =.002). CONCLUSIONS: In women, the most important determinant of HTLV-1 seropositivity was HIV-2 infection. Because the pattern was significantly different for men and women, common sexual risk factors may not be sufficient to explain the co-occurrence of HIV-2 and HTLV-1 in women. These observations may have implications in geographic areas where both types of retroviruses are prevalent.

Kano M, Matano T, Nakamura H, Takeda A, Kato A, Ariyoshi K, Mori K, Sata T, Nagai Y. · No affiliation provided · AIDS. · Pubmed #10894297 No free full text.

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